Civil Rights Movement Matrix
Directions: Utilize the Topic 6 Readings as a resource to complete the matrix below. Be sure to cite all sources.
Answer the following …….
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
Summary: Plessy v. Ferguson was recognized to be revolutionary in the United States Supreme Court and its decision. Thus, this decision upheld the Constitution based on racial apartheid under the “separate but equal” doctrine. Therefore, this case mainly stemmed from the note that mentioned the facts and the incidents which took place to the African-American train passengers Homer Plessy, rejected to sit with the Black people in the car. The court placed on May 18th, 1896 under seven to one majority. Therefore, the goal of the system was to create accessibility based on the Constitutional racial segregation law which can alter the “separate but equal” doctrine. Moreover, this was the case that deals with the fact under the first major exploration of the 14th Amendment that thrived on developing the Equal Protection Clause (Fenwick, 2020).
Significance: The Supreme Court took the decision based on the official note that grants approval about the discriminatory state legislation. Therefore, the made the United States has to deal with the legal segregation act so that none can violate the 14th Amendment. Thus, the equal but separate doctrine is made under the accommodations that did not go against the rules made within the Constitutional Amendment.
Jim Crow Laws:
Summary: Jim Crow laws were recognized as collection statutes. This collection was made up of a collection that took up the initiative to make develop the statutes that legalize racial segregation. Therefore, this law is named after the black minstrel that shows the character, and the laws, that existed for about 100 years. Therefore, from the post-Civil War era till the time of 1968 was meant to mean marginalized African Americans who were denied their jobs and their right to vote, get proper education, and maintain a proper place within society. Therefore, Jim Crow Laws took up the initiative so that the blacks can get proper significance and opportunities on different grounds. Hence, many came to the forefront to defy the Jim Crow Laws and have to be arrested, given fines, a jail sentence, or even death (Logan & Temin, 2020).
Significance: One of the requirements that was done on the services separated waiting rooms, in bus and train stations. This law was implemented on the water fountains, restrooms, buildings, entrances, and even the entrance of the amusement park cashier’s place. Therefore, laws banned African Americans from living the white neighbors. Thus, segregation mainly enforced public pools, with phone booths, along with medical facilities. Residential homes and different things. Jim Crow Law mainly took up the initiative to grant and spread law around the country with force more than before.
Segregation in the World Wars:
Summary: Based on the analysis made on the Second World War that deals with the positioning of the blacks who served with the armed forces. Hence, by the time the war gets ended, its number grew up to 1.2 million, while the military people were segregated. Since, the time, of the Second World War, dealt with African Americans based in the southern states were subjected to Jim Crow Laws. Therefore, the American military was racially segregated based on the federal government. Therefore, in the case of the Tuskegee Airmen before the significance of the Second World War, where about 4000 people were blacks who served in the armed forces. Therefore, the American military was racially segregated by the Federal Government, based on the Tuskegee Airmen.
Significance: As a result, the significance of the Double V campaign mainly encourages the fight for victory to get freedom abroad and at home. Therefore, the blacks were to return home from the war to get a life which is noted on bigotry and being under ill-treatment injustice. Moreover, one of the blatant injustices involved motivating the blacks who are unprejudiced by the whites that can fight for further discrimination. Hence, Second World War mainly leads to the formation of the racial reformation, based on the issues that deprived the Civil War while this failed to solve the festering to the nearly century.
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
Summary: Brown v. Board of Education played a significant role that is placed on the landmark Supreme Court decision to learn about justice which ruled unanimously based on the guidance of racial apartheid of the children involved in public schools which were unconstitutional. Brown v. Board of Education (1954), was the cornerstone based on the Civil rights movement that helped to create the precedent with a “separate but equal” form of education on services given equally. Therefore, the decision mainly declared about the separating education system for white and African American students who were racially segregated based the public schools violated the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution (Martin, 2018).
Significance: The case of Brown v. Board of Education acts as a landmark based on Supreme Court cases to learn about the justices were a unanimous topic based on the racial segregation also implemented on the children, and on their education which was unconstitutional. Therefore, Brown v. Board of Education took a cornerstone based on the Civil Rights Movement, that assisted to found the precedent based on the “separate but equal” education on the services, which is required to be equal for all.
Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott:
Summary: The Montgomery Bus Boycott was based on Civil Rights and regarded as a protest which was done by the African Americans who refused to ride in the city of Montgomery Alabama, this was like a protest made against segregated seating. Therefore, Rosa Parks assisted to build up the initiative so that they can learn about the Civil Rights Movement in the United States, they eventually rejected sharing her seat with a white man at Montgomery. Therefore, her actions stimulated the leaders in the local Black community to form the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
Significance: The United States Supreme Court, developed an ultimate order on Montgomery which was integrated into the bus system with the leaders who did the boycott. While the young pastor who was named after Martin Luther King Jr, actually emerged to be a prominent leader of America who fired to the Civil Rights Movement.
MLK Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership
Summary: Martin Luther King Jr eventually develop a goal to redeem the “soul of America”, through his voice that consisted of non-violent resistance. Martin Luther King Jr was selected to be the first President who was dedicated to abolishing legalizing segregation while ending the disfranchisement of the black southerners from facing violence, like before. Later on, he participated in the Southern Christian Leadership Conference to address the issue, with Civil Rights Movement that followed war and poverty.
Significance: the catalyst based on the formation of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference live up to forming Montgomery Bus Boycott. Therefore, the headquarters of Atlanta, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference is regarded as the nationwide to organize a new Chapter that was affiliated with the location throughout the United States. Therefore, this continues with the commitment made by the non-violent actions to achieve socio-economic, and political justice that are focused on the variance of the issues that profiled racism, police brutality, the crime rates, and discrimination made against them.
“I Have a Dream” speech:
Summary: In the “I Have a Dream” speech President Martin Luther King, is an activist who focuses on Civil Rights, which outlines the history of racial injustice taking place in America. Hence, he tried to encourage the audience to hold on to the country to learn about their accountability that can be founded to be focused on promises to bring freedom, justice, and equality to the considered backward citizens of the nation. In this speech, he delivered his dream before a crowd of 250,000 people in the 1963 March in Washington. This remained the most significant speech to be said in history. Therefore, Martin Luther King Jr., weaved references under the country’s Founding Fathers and the Bible, King used universal themes that depict the struggles of African-Americans before it closes their staffs who are improvised riff of struggle based on equality. Therefore, the eloquent speech highlights their protest, hat endures the signature moment of the Civil Rights movement.
Significance: During March Washington, is expected to produce a bigger turnout the expectation of the largest growth based on the history of his speech to bring freedom for the Blacks. He was a young Baptist minister who rose to the prominence of being a leader by the year 1950, by burgeoning the Civil Rights Movement, and the president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference.
1964 Civil Rights Act
Summary: Civil Rights Act of 1964, mainly ended up with the segregation of public places that excluded employment discrimination on the grounds of race, religion, sex, and the national origin of the people. This is mainly considered one to crown the legislature based on the achievements made under the Civil Rights Movement. Hence, this was initially proposed by President Kennedy. This was made for the survival of the members of the Congress that was signed into law as the successor (McCall, 2019).
Significance: Civil Rights Act ended discrimination in public places which excluded employment judgment on racial, gender, and religious grounds. Therefore, this origin is mainly considered to be crowing the legislature to make achievements in the Civil Rights Movement.
References
Fenwick, G. A. (2020). “One of Folly’s Failures”: Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) and the Decline of the Thirteenth Amendment.
Logan, T., & Temin, P. (2020). Inclusive American Economic History: Containing Slaves, Freedmen, Jim Crow Laws, and the Great Migration. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, (110).
Martin, S. (2018, November). Blind Spot Segregation: The Nullification Doctrine at Work in East Baton Rouge Parish School System Since Brown v. Board of Education (1954). In the 2019 National Conference of Black Political Scientists (NCOBPS) Annual Meeting.
McCall, M. (2019). Environmental Racism: The US EPA’s Ineffective Enforcement of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. SJ Poly & Just., 13, 49.
